Welcome to our collection of Neapolitan Mastiff dog names! Whether you're searching for a strong masculine name or a sweet feminine name, we have a vast selection of options for you to choose from. Filter by gender, breed and state to discover the perfect name for your beloved Neapolitan Mastiff.
Sort:
RANK: | #1 |
---|---|
NAME: | Athena The name Athena is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it reflects the breed's strength, intelligence, and regal demeanor, similar to the Greek goddess of wisdom and war. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #2 |
---|---|
NAME: | Bella The name Bella is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it means "beautiful" in Italian, reflecting the breed's impressive size and majestic appearance. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cute |
RANK: | #3 |
---|---|
NAME: | Butter Butter is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff because of their wrinkled, creamy coat that resembles a slab of butter. It's a cute and playful choice for this gentle giant. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Labrador Retriever |
TYPE: | Cute |
RANK: | #4 |
---|---|
NAME: | Captain Captain is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff due to their strong and commanding presence, resembling that of a leader or captain of a ship. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #5 |
---|---|
NAME: | Clementine The name Clementine for a Neapolitan Mastiff represents her gentle and sweet nature, reminiscent of the juicy and refreshing citrus fruit. It adds a touch of elegance and charm. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | Pembroke Welsh Corgi |
TYPE: | Cute |
RANK: | #6 |
---|---|
NAME: | Colby Colby is a strong and bold name for a Neapolitan Mastiff, suiting their powerful and protective nature. It adds a touch of charm and uniqueness to this majestic breed. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Golden Retriever |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #7 |
---|---|
NAME: | Colter Colter is a powerful and rugged name that suits the strong and imposing presence of a Neapolitan Mastiff. It exudes strength and toughness, fitting for this breed. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Australian Shepherd |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #8 |
---|---|
NAME: | Cooper |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Golden Retriever |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #9 |
---|---|
NAME: | Dario Dario is a strong and regal name suitable for a Neapolitan Mastiff, reflecting their noble and powerful appearance. It has a classic and dignified sound. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Neapolitan Mastiff |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #10 |
---|---|
NAME: | Dutch The name Dutch for a Neapolitan Mastiff may be a nod to the breed's origins in Italy, as the Netherlands is commonly referred to as "Holland" or "Dutch." |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Unique |
RANK: | #11 |
---|---|
NAME: | Ferdinand Ferdinand is a regal name that suits the Neapolitan Mastiff's powerful and dignified presence. It exudes strength and charm, perfect for this majestic breed. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Great Dane |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #12 |
---|---|
NAME: | George The name George for a Neapolitan Mastiff could be chosen for its classic and regal sound, suiting the breed's strong and noble appearance. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | American Staffordshire Terrier |
TYPE: | Cute |
RANK: | #13 |
---|---|
NAME: | Georgia Georgia is a strong and powerful name fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff, reflecting their loyalty and protective nature with a touch of Southern charm. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | American Staffordshire Terrier |
TYPE: | Unique |
RANK: | #14 |
---|---|
NAME: | Haku Haku is a Japanese name meaning "white" or "lord." It can be a fitting and powerful name for a Neapolitan Mastiff known for their strong and majestic presence. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Great Pyrenees |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #15 |
---|---|
NAME: | Honey Bee The name "Honey Bee" for a Neapolitan Mastiff may evoke images of their sweet and loyal nature, as well as their large and powerful presence, similar to a busy bee. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | American Staffordshire Terrier |
TYPE: | Cute |
RANK: | #16 |
---|---|
NAME: | Iris The name Iris would suit a Neapolitan Mastiff as it represents strength, beauty, and loyalty - all qualities commonly associated with this powerful and protective breed. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | Labrador Retriever |
TYPE: | Unique |
RANK: | #17 |
---|---|
NAME: | Jamm The name Jamm is a playful and unique choice for a Neapolitan Mastiff, reflecting their powerful and protective nature with a bit of whimsy and charm. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Great Pyrenees |
TYPE: | Cute |
RANK: | #18 |
---|---|
NAME: | Leena Leena is a feminine and graceful name for a Neapolitan Mastiff, contrasting beautifully with their muscular and imposing appearance, adding a touch of elegance to their powerful presence. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | American Staffordshire Terrier |
TYPE: | Unique |
RANK: | #19 |
---|---|
NAME: | Leo Leo is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it evokes strength, leadership, and regal qualities. This name suits the breed's noble appearance and confident demeanor. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cute |
RANK: | #20 |
---|---|
NAME: | Lola |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | Labrador Retriever |
TYPE: | Funny |
RANK: | #21 |
---|---|
NAME: | Max Max is a strong and powerful name befitting a Neapolitan Mastiff, known for its imposing presence and protective nature. It reflects the breed's loyal and fearless demeanor. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cute |
RANK: | #22 |
---|---|
NAME: | Moose The name Moose could be fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff due to their large size and formidable appearance, similar to that of a powerful and imposing moose. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Labrador Retriever |
TYPE: | Funny |
RANK: | #23 |
---|---|
NAME: | Odin Odin is a powerful and majestic name for a Neapolitan Mastiff, paying homage to the Norse god of wisdom, war, and battle, reflecting the breed's courageous and noble nature. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #24 |
---|---|
NAME: | Oliver Oliver is a classic and strong name that suits a Neapolitan Mastiff well. It exudes a sense of nobility and masculinity, perfect for this large and majestic breed. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Labrador Retriever |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #25 |
---|---|
NAME: | Onyx The name Onyx is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff due to its strong and regal appearance, resembling the dark and striking beauty of the semi-precious gemstone. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #26 |
---|---|
NAME: | Rex The name Rex is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it means "king" in Latin, perfectly capturing the majestic and regal nature of this breed. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #27 |
---|---|
NAME: | Rocky |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #28 |
---|---|
NAME: | Roxy Roxy is a fun and energetic name for a Neapolitan Mastiff that captures the breed's playful nature and strong personality. It is a fitting choice for this powerful pup. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | Labrador Retriever |
TYPE: | Funny |
RANK: | #29 |
---|---|
NAME: | Ruby Ruby is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff due to its deep red coat color, resembling the precious gemstone. It conveys both beauty and strength in this majestic breed. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | Labrador Retriever |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #30 |
---|---|
NAME: | Sage Sage is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it conveys wisdom and strength, mirroring the breed's impressive appearance and loyal nature. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #31 |
---|---|
NAME: | Sienna Sienna is a warm, earthy color reminiscent of the Neapolitan Mastiff's distinctive coat. This name evokes strength and beauty, perfectly reflecting the breed's powerful and majestic presence. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | Siberian Husky |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #32 |
---|---|
NAME: | Spruce Spruce is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it conveys strength, elegance, and a sophisticated air, reflecting the breed's dignified nature and imposing appearance. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Australian Cattle Dog |
TYPE: | Cool |
RANK: | #33 |
---|---|
NAME: | Tilly Tilly is a sweet and friendly Neapolitan Mastiff known for her gentle nature and affectionate personality. The name Tilly is fitting for this lovable giant breed. |
TOP GENDER: | female |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Funny |
RANK: | #34 |
---|---|
NAME: | Trigger The name Trigger reflects the dog's powerful and protective nature, mirroring the breed's impressive size and intimidating presence as a Neapolitan Mastiff. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shorthaired Pointer |
TYPE: | Unique |
RANK: | #35 |
---|---|
NAME: | Wookiee The name Wookiee is inspired by the large and furry creatures in the Star Wars franchise, reflecting the Neapolitan Mastiff's size and imposing presence. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | Australian Shepherd |
TYPE: | Unique |
RANK: | #36 |
---|---|
NAME: | Zeus The name Zeus is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it conveys power, strength, and masculinity, reflecting the breed's ancient origins and regal appearance. |
TOP GENDER: | male |
TOP BREED: | German Shepherd Dog |
TYPE: | Cool |
Rank | Name and About | Top gender | Top breed | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | Athena The name Athena is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it reflects the breed's strength, intelligence, and regal demeanor, similar to the Greek goddess of wisdom and war. | female | German Shepherd Dog | Cool |
#2 | Bella The name Bella is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it means "beautiful" in Italian, reflecting the breed's impressive size and majestic appearance. | female | German Shepherd Dog | Cute |
#3 | Butter Butter is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff because of their wrinkled, creamy coat that resembles a slab of butter. It's a cute and playful choice for this gentle giant. | male | Labrador Retriever | Cute |
#4 | Captain Captain is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff due to their strong and commanding presence, resembling that of a leader or captain of a ship. | male | German Shepherd Dog | Cool |
#5 | Clementine The name Clementine for a Neapolitan Mastiff represents her gentle and sweet nature, reminiscent of the juicy and refreshing citrus fruit. It adds a touch of elegance and charm. | female | Pembroke Welsh Corgi | Cute |
#6 | Colby Colby is a strong and bold name for a Neapolitan Mastiff, suiting their powerful and protective nature. It adds a touch of charm and uniqueness to this majestic breed. | male | Golden Retriever | Cool |
#7 | Colter Colter is a powerful and rugged name that suits the strong and imposing presence of a Neapolitan Mastiff. It exudes strength and toughness, fitting for this breed. | male | Australian Shepherd | Cool |
#8 | Cooper | male | Golden Retriever | Cool |
#9 | Dario Dario is a strong and regal name suitable for a Neapolitan Mastiff, reflecting their noble and powerful appearance. It has a classic and dignified sound. | male | Neapolitan Mastiff | Cool |
#10 | Dutch The name Dutch for a Neapolitan Mastiff may be a nod to the breed's origins in Italy, as the Netherlands is commonly referred to as "Holland" or "Dutch." | male | German Shepherd Dog | Unique |
#11 | Ferdinand Ferdinand is a regal name that suits the Neapolitan Mastiff's powerful and dignified presence. It exudes strength and charm, perfect for this majestic breed. | male | Great Dane | Cool |
#12 | George The name George for a Neapolitan Mastiff could be chosen for its classic and regal sound, suiting the breed's strong and noble appearance. | male | American Staffordshire Terrier | Cute |
#13 | Georgia Georgia is a strong and powerful name fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff, reflecting their loyalty and protective nature with a touch of Southern charm. | female | American Staffordshire Terrier | Unique |
#14 | Haku Haku is a Japanese name meaning "white" or "lord." It can be a fitting and powerful name for a Neapolitan Mastiff known for their strong and majestic presence. | male | Great Pyrenees | Cool |
#15 | Honey Bee The name "Honey Bee" for a Neapolitan Mastiff may evoke images of their sweet and loyal nature, as well as their large and powerful presence, similar to a busy bee. | female | American Staffordshire Terrier | Cute |
#16 | Iris The name Iris would suit a Neapolitan Mastiff as it represents strength, beauty, and loyalty - all qualities commonly associated with this powerful and protective breed. | female | Labrador Retriever | Unique |
#17 | Jamm The name Jamm is a playful and unique choice for a Neapolitan Mastiff, reflecting their powerful and protective nature with a bit of whimsy and charm. | male | Great Pyrenees | Cute |
#18 | Leena Leena is a feminine and graceful name for a Neapolitan Mastiff, contrasting beautifully with their muscular and imposing appearance, adding a touch of elegance to their powerful presence. | female | American Staffordshire Terrier | Unique |
#19 | Leo Leo is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it evokes strength, leadership, and regal qualities. This name suits the breed's noble appearance and confident demeanor. | male | German Shepherd Dog | Cute |
#20 | Lola | female | Labrador Retriever | Funny |
#21 | Max Max is a strong and powerful name befitting a Neapolitan Mastiff, known for its imposing presence and protective nature. It reflects the breed's loyal and fearless demeanor. | male | German Shepherd Dog | Cute |
#22 | Moose The name Moose could be fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff due to their large size and formidable appearance, similar to that of a powerful and imposing moose. | male | Labrador Retriever | Funny |
#23 | Odin Odin is a powerful and majestic name for a Neapolitan Mastiff, paying homage to the Norse god of wisdom, war, and battle, reflecting the breed's courageous and noble nature. | male | German Shepherd Dog | Cool |
#24 | Oliver Oliver is a classic and strong name that suits a Neapolitan Mastiff well. It exudes a sense of nobility and masculinity, perfect for this large and majestic breed. | male | Labrador Retriever | Cool |
#25 | Onyx The name Onyx is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff due to its strong and regal appearance, resembling the dark and striking beauty of the semi-precious gemstone. | male | German Shepherd Dog | Cool |
#26 | Rex The name Rex is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it means "king" in Latin, perfectly capturing the majestic and regal nature of this breed. | male | German Shepherd Dog | Cool |
#27 | Rocky | male | German Shepherd Dog | Cool |
#28 | Roxy Roxy is a fun and energetic name for a Neapolitan Mastiff that captures the breed's playful nature and strong personality. It is a fitting choice for this powerful pup. | female | Labrador Retriever | Funny |
#29 | Ruby Ruby is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff due to its deep red coat color, resembling the precious gemstone. It conveys both beauty and strength in this majestic breed. | female | Labrador Retriever | Cool |
#30 | Sage Sage is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it conveys wisdom and strength, mirroring the breed's impressive appearance and loyal nature. | female | German Shepherd Dog | Cool |
#31 | Sienna Sienna is a warm, earthy color reminiscent of the Neapolitan Mastiff's distinctive coat. This name evokes strength and beauty, perfectly reflecting the breed's powerful and majestic presence. | female | Siberian Husky | Cool |
#32 | Spruce Spruce is a fitting name for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it conveys strength, elegance, and a sophisticated air, reflecting the breed's dignified nature and imposing appearance. | male | Australian Cattle Dog | Cool |
#33 | Tilly Tilly is a sweet and friendly Neapolitan Mastiff known for her gentle nature and affectionate personality. The name Tilly is fitting for this lovable giant breed. | female | German Shepherd Dog | Funny |
#34 | Trigger The name Trigger reflects the dog's powerful and protective nature, mirroring the breed's impressive size and intimidating presence as a Neapolitan Mastiff. | male | German Shorthaired Pointer | Unique |
#35 | Wookiee The name Wookiee is inspired by the large and furry creatures in the Star Wars franchise, reflecting the Neapolitan Mastiff's size and imposing presence. | male | Australian Shepherd | Unique |
#36 | Zeus The name Zeus is fitting for a Neapolitan Mastiff as it conveys power, strength, and masculinity, reflecting the breed's ancient origins and regal appearance. | male | German Shepherd Dog | Cool |
Does your dog ever growl when you walk by their food dish? Maybe they get possessive of treats, carrying them far away and giving you side-eye when you start to approach — or snarling at your other pets or children if they get too close.
As almost every dog owner is aware, the nose of a dog is an amazing thing. Just as they can pick up sounds we can’t hear, their sense of smell and ability to pick up scents is well beyond ours. In fact, dogs have 40 times the number of olfactory receptors as humans.
More than 80 million Americans rely on their service dogs to help them navigate the world. Task-trained assistance animals perform a huge range of life-changing—in many cases, life-saving—services: These dogs act as eyes for visually impaired handlers, provide mobility support, alert to seizures and blood sugar crashes, interrupt anxiety attacks, remind their people to take medications, and so much more.
You thought your dog was house trained. Your home was clean from puddles of pee, those dreaded middle-of-the-night bathroom breaks were behind you, and you loved every minute of dog ownership… until your four-legged best friend started using the bathroom inside again. What’s going on?
Ah, poop. We humans think it’s disgusting… but many of our dogs seem to love the stuff. If you’re wondering why your canine companion tries to eat feces (either their own or that of other animals) you’re not alone!
Do you have a water-loving dog looking to burn some energy? There are countless dog parks to visit throughout our country — but some of them become far too hot in the midday sun to be safe for your pets to play. That’s why we’ve put together a list of some of the best dog water parks throughout the United States! At these locations, your pup can frolic, splash, and swim to their heart’s content.
* All Sniffspot articles are reviewed by certified trainers for quality, please see bottom of article for details *
Does your dog destroy every toy you give them? Is your house littered with remnants of fabric and stuffing of all different sizes? Are you tired of investing in “indestructible” toys only for your pup to still dismantle—or worse, get bored of—them in just a few days?
You’ve been told your dog needs regular exercise. There’s a reason “walking the dog” is a classic daily activity: Frequent excursions give your pup a chance to experience the world, maintain a healthy weight, and — most importantly — spend time with you! Consistent physical activity can also improve their strength, muscle tone, coordination, and mental ability over time.
* All Sniffspot articles are reviewed by certified trainers for quality, please see bottom of article for details *
Many dogs have gotten a bad reputation over the years for being "dangerous breeds." Rottweilers are among them. Like pit bulls and other large, blocky-headed types of dogs, these powerful and beautiful animals are often assumed to be aggressive.
So: Your dog is reactive. They’ll see another dog, person, or other stimulus in the environment (cars, bikes, skateboards, and other fast-moving objects are also common triggers) while out on a walk and suddenly go crazy at the end of their leash. The barking, lunging, and growling not only feels embarrassing for you — it’s clear that your pup isn’t having a great time either.
Does your dog display reactivity to other pets or people? Maybe they’re a new rescue pup and are still settling into your home. Or they were sick growing up, so you missed their critical socialization period. Possibly they’ve had a bad experience after being raised as a normal puppy.
Do you have a reactive dog or suspect you may have one? You’re not alone!
* All Sniffspot articles are reviewed by certified trainers for quality, please see bottom of article for details *
From 2009 to 2020, there was a 40 percent increase in the development of public dog parks. Designated spots for canine exercise have become commonplace in every major city in North America — many pet owners won’t even consider renting an apartment that doesn’t have its own fenced-in pet area for their canine companions.
Thousand Oaks, California has been a safe haven for Sniffspot host, Jen, since childhood. Having grown up in busy Santa Barbara, Jen, an introvert from an early age, would seek out solitude and serenity away from tourists attractions and droves of people visiting from elsewhere. “My grandparents own 60 acres about a 30 minute drive from here, and I grew up spending every summer and every holiday visiting them on the ranch,” Jen explained. “In Santa Barbara, we wouldn't go to the beach on the weekend because that's where everybody was, so you'd find places off the beaten path where the tourists weren't. For me, the ranch was just my happy place.”
Ellen is the host of Country Pasture Getaway, one of Sniffspot's most popular sniff spots. She has taken the time to write up the lessons she has learned about how to be a great sniff spot host.
Just 20 minutes outside of the busy city of Portland, Oregon, and settled right on the banks of the Columbia River, you’ll find what countless visitors have flocked to the area in search of – mountain views, crisp, clean air, and running water for miles. What you might not expect to find, however, is a hidden oasis designed just for dogs and their people, owned and operated by a farming couple and enjoyed by visitors on two legs, and four.
Fran is the host of Ranch Setting, one of Sniffspot's most popular spots. She has taken the time to write up the lessons she has learned about how to be a great Sniffspot host.
Looking for a space to play with your dog no matter what the weather’s like outside? Look no further than our list of the best indoor dog parks in the United States! These climate-controlled spaces are growing in popularity as pet ownership increases throughout the country. As a bonus, many of them also offer dog training, boarding, grooming, or daycare services on the premises.
Looking for the perfect place to play with your dog? We’ve got you covered! It’s hard to narrow down, but we’ve put together some of the best off-leash dog parks throughout the country so you can plan your next adventure — along with a checklist of what to bring, what to know beforehand, and some frequently asked questions.
Looking for the perfect place to play with your dog in Las Vegas? We’ve got you covered! Take a look at the best local dog parks to plan for your next adventure in Sin City.
Looking for the perfect place to play with your dog? We’ve got you covered!
Looking for the perfect place to play with your dog in Portland? We’ve got you covered! Take a look at the best local dog parks and plan for your next adventure in the City of Roses.
Discover the German Shepherd Dog, a breed celebrated for its intelligence, loyalty, and versatility. Known for its impressive size and smooth, graceful movements, German Shepherds excel in various roles, including as guide, therapy, bomb detection, and police dogs, while being a devoted family companion.
Discover the Labrador Retriever, a breed celebrated for its playful nature, affectionate temperament, and trainability. Labradors are known for their friendly demeanor and adaptability, making them perfect family companions and versatile working dogs. As one of the most popular types of retrievers, Labs are ideal companions for various lifestyles and are recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) as an excellent breed for families.
Discover the Golden Retriever, a popular breed celebrated for its affectionate, playful, and trainable nature. Considered a large dog, Golden Retrievers were originally bred in Scotland for hunting and retrieving game beginning in the 1860s. Today, they're recognized by the Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club (AKC) as one of the most beloved companion dog breeds.
Discover the American Staffordshire Terrier, a distinct breed celebrated for its playful, friendly, and loyal nature. Often confused with the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, a separate breed of British origin, the American Staffordshire Terrier (AmStaff) is considered a medium-sized dog. While both breeds share some similarities, the AmStaff is generally larger and has been developed as a distinct breed in the United States.
Discover the Australian Shepherd, an AKC breed celebrated for its trainable, playful, and affectionate nature. Despite its name, the Australian Shepherd is actually a native breed to the United States, originally developed to breed on farms and ranches. Considered a medium dog, Australian Shepherds were bred for herding beginning in the 1950s. As one of the high-energy breeds, Aussies are known for their boundless energy and need for regular exercise, including aerobic exercise.