How to Crate Train an Older Dog: A Simple Guide

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Think you can't crate train an older dog? Think again. It's totally possible to teach your furry friend this vital skill, no matter their age. Crate training offers a safe haven for your dog and makes travel and house training so much easier. This guide walks you through how to crate train an older dog using positive reinforcement, creating a comfortable den they'll love.

Can You Crate Train an Older Dog?

Though it can be done, crate training an older dog may prove to be more challenging than training a puppy on the skill. Puppies are enthusiastic learners whose minds are sponges–they are naturally curious and eager to work with you. An older dog may be more settled in its ways and find comfort in the habits and routines they already have. 

Don’t be discouraged, however. The crate training process for an older dog will only require a bit more patience and more repetitions. Despite the challenge, it is worth it to help your dog learn this skill. 

Key Takeaways

• Older dogs can learn to love their crates: With patience and a positive approach, even senior pups can find comfort and security in a crate.
• Make the crate a VIP spot: Use high-value treats, comfy bedding, and engaging toys to create a positive association with the crate.
• Slow and steady wins the crate training race: Gradually increase crate time and maintain a consistent routine to build your dog's confidence and reduce anxiety.

Why Crate Train an Older Dog?

Crate training is a valuable skill all dogs should learn. There are myriad reasons why crate training is so important:

Housebreaking with Crate Training

Not all older dogs come housebroken. If you’ve recently welcomed an older dog into your life and notice they can’t be in the house without accidents, you may need to potty train from scratch– and a crate is the perfect tool for house training. Very few dogs will have accidents in their crate as the space is too confined. So, if you make the crate a part of your potty-training routine, you can help teach a dog to hold their bladder longer.

Crate Training for Safety and Security

We love our dogs and want them to be safe and live long, healthy lives. In your house, crating your dog can keep them engaging in bad behaviors by preventing them from eating things they shouldn’t. A chewed cord or swallowed piece of your shoe could lead to choking or a bowel obstruction. With your dog safely in a crate, you can rest easy when you leave your best friend unattended.
Peace of mind is important, and in the event of an emergency, such as a house fire or other natural disaster, crating your dog can ensure that they are easily located as you evacuate or are rescued by emergency personnel.
When traveling with your dog, the safest place for them is within a crate. Unrestrained pets can become projectiles in a car crash, and according to the American Automobile Association, only 16% of dog owners properly crate their dogs while traveling, creating a huge risk in the case of an accident. If you need to fly with your dog, generally speaking they must be crated either in the cabin or in the cargo. It is best to prepare your dog for these situations so they are calm and happy during their ride.

Crate Training to Ease Anxietyanxiety

Crate training is not only beneficial for your mental health, but also your dog’s. Introducing them to the crate in a positive manner can give them a safe retreat when they are experiencing anxiety from  thunderstorms, fireworks, and other loud noises. Your pup can also experience anxiety from being left alone. Because departures can be emotional for dogs and humans alike, separation anxiety is a common complaint from pet owners, and crate training can be a remedy for separation anxiety and aid in behavior modification. Beyond separation, a bustling household can also be stressful on older dogs. Especially if you have children, it is important to give your dog their own space to retreat during a stressful situation.

Crate Training for Easier Vet and Grooming Visits

When your dog has to go to the vet or the groomer, they will likely need to be crated– especially if your dog needs to stay overnight if they are sick or injured. Vet visits and grooming can be stressful on their own, by making sure the crate is a familiar and safe place, you can help your best friend feel comfortable and ease their mind.

Crate Training for Smoother Training Classes

Having fun with your pup can include training classes. From obedience to agility to rally, the world of dog sports is full of opportunity. However, many of these classes require that you crate your dog while other dogs have their turn. 

How to Crate Train Your Older Dog: A Step-by-Step Guide

Now you’re ready to start crate exposure with your dog, but where do you start? It’s important to ease into the training and be patient–this way you can make sure your best friend learns to love their crate! Below are the training steps:

Step 1: Choosing the Right Crate

To find the correct crate size for your dog, measure their length from the tip of their nose to their hindquarters and their height by measuring from the floor to the top of their head or ears while seated and add two to four inches on each measurement. This is the length and height of the crate you will need to provide a comfortable resting place for your pup. You can find extra-small to extra-large crates depending on what size you need. 

There are many types of standard crates that come in a variety of materials from plastic to wire. Wire crates are easy to come by and collapsable, making them easy to store away. Lightweight plastic crates are ideal for travel and plastic crates tend to be more budget-friendly, while a soft-sided nylon crate is a great option for smaller pups. If you are looking for a stylish option for your home, you can purchase an indoor crate or that blends seamlessly with the furniture in your home. Soft-sided carry crates are great for travel, but not recommended for long-term crating. Choose an option to be your dog’s permanent crate, so they always know where to go when stressed.

Size and Accessibility for Senior Dogs

Finding the right size crate for your senior dog is crucial. A crate that's too small will be cramped and uncomfortable, while an oversized one won't offer a sense of security. The general rule: your dog should be able to stand up, lie down, and turn around comfortably. Measure your dog's length from nose to tail base (not the tip of the tail) and their height from the floor to the top of their head or ears while sitting. Add two to four inches to both measurements for the ideal crate size. For senior dogs with mobility challenges, a crate with a lower entry or a ramp can make a big difference. Extra padding can also provide joint support.

Crate Material Considerations

Crates come in various materials, each with pros and cons. Wire crates are affordable, durable, well-ventilated, and easy to clean and store. Plastic crates offer more privacy and are often better for anxious dogs or those sensitive to temperature. They're also lightweight and travel-friendly. For senior dogs who might appreciate extra comfort, consider a crate with a soft, washable liner. If you want something that blends in with your home, stylish indoor crates are available. While soft-sided crates are convenient for travel, they're not ideal for everyday use, especially for chewers or anxious dogs.

Step 2: Setting Up Your Dog's Crate

It’s time to make the crate comfortable for your older dog. If your pup is not one to chew up beds and soft blankets, line the crate with their favorites. Bolster beds and crate mats are a great way to entice your dog to cozy up inside. You can even add your dog’s water bowl to make sure they have access to water when inside the crate. Select a quiet, low-traffic, quiet location to put the crate, such as a bedroom, that is away from the busyness of the household. Keep this crate in the original location for as long as the training process takes.

Once you’ve made your crate space complete, gather your training tools. Choose your dog’s favorite high-value treats or toys to make the training process fun.

Step 3: Exercise and Potty Breaks FirstExercise and potty your older dog first

Before any training session, provide for your dog’s biological needs by making sure they are properly fed, hydrated, and exercised. Also make sure to only crate after potty training your dog. Your furry friend will thank you for helping them get rid of excess energy and reduce excited behavior as it is difficult for a dog with lots of energy to go into training with a calm mindset if their needs have not been met

Step 4: Building a Positive Crate Association

It’s time to introduce your pup to the crate. The best way to do this is to introduce the crate with food or a toy. Grab what your dog finds reinforcing, be it that favorite treat or toy and start playing some crate games. Toss special treats (different from their daily treats) or a toy into the crate and leave the door open, letting your dog go into the crate to eat the delicious treats or retrieve their toy. Keep this up until your pup is eagerly going in and out of the crate. 

You can also feed your dog in the crate during meal time, by either placing the bowl inside and leaving the door open while they eat, or tossing kibble into the crate for them in the same way you did with the treats or toys. By using the crate as a part of your  routine for mealtimes, your dog will associate it more and more with a good thing instead of with frustration.

Don’t rush this step, it’s important to build positive experiences around the crate and show them that crate time is fun! If you’d like, you can even layer verbal commands or command phrase such as “kennel up” or “go to bed” when your dog is reliably going into the crate. The more you use this regular command, the more your dog will understand when to go into their crate.

Using High-Value Treats and Enrichment

The key to successful crate training for older dogs lies in making the crate a desirable destination. Think of it like creating a VIP lounge just for your pup. The more enticing the crate, the easier the transition will be. High-value treats are your secret weapon. These aren't your everyday training treats; we're talking about the really good stuff – think small pieces of cooked chicken, freeze-dried liver, or even a lick of xylitol-free peanut butter. Introduce the crate by tossing these special treats inside, leaving the door open so your dog can explore freely. You can also use a favorite toy or a puzzle toy stuffed with something delicious to pique their interest.

Another effective strategy is to incorporate mealtimes into the crate training process. Try placing your dog's food bowl inside the crate, again with the door open. This helps create a positive association between the crate and something enjoyable, like dinnertime. If your dog is hesitant, you can start by placing the bowl just outside the crate and gradually move it further inside over several meals. The goal is to make the crate a normal and pleasant part of their daily routine.

Building Positive Associations *Before* Closing the Door

Patience is key during this phase. Don't rush the process of building positive associations with the crate. The goal is for your dog to willingly enter the crate on their own, without any hesitation or coaxing. Continue tossing treats and toys inside, allowing your dog to retrieve them at their own pace. Observe their body language – are they relaxed and happy to go inside? If so, that's a great sign! Avoid closing the door until your dog consistently and happily enters the crate on their own. This might take several days or even weeks, depending on your dog's individual personality and past experiences.

As your dog becomes more comfortable, you can start introducing a verbal cue, such as "kennel up" or "go to bed," as they enter the crate. This helps them associate the command with the action. Keep the tone of your voice light and encouraging. Remember, the more positive experiences your dog has with the crate, the more likely they are to view it as a safe and comfortable space. Once your dog reliably enters the crate on command with the door open, you can move on to the next stage of training, which involves gradually closing the door for short periods. We'll cover that in the next section. For now, focus on building that positive foundation – it's the cornerstone of successful crate training.

Step 5: Closing the Door & Extending Crate Time

Once your dog is happily going in the crate regularly, start closing the door for a short period of time. Start with only a second or two and increase duration slowly up to a couple of minutes. As you work up to longer time periods and your dog is settling, try giving your dog a special treat, such as a stuffed kong. Choose a safe option that requires minimal supervision, unlike a harder chew that could be a choking hazard.

You can also help your pup out by playing a white noise machine when they are in the crate alone. This can create a more soothing experience for your dog and they will settle for longer periods of time. 

Gradual Introduction of the Door

Once your dog happily enters the crate, start closing the door for short periods. Begin with a second or two and gradually increase the duration to a couple of minutes. Patience is key here. Rushing can create anxiety and undo your hard work. You want your dog to feel secure, not trapped. For a detailed guide, check out Sniffspot's article on crate training an older dog.

Your Demeanor Matters

Your dog mirrors your emotions. If you’re anxious about closing the crate door, your dog will sense it. Project calm confidence. Speak soothingly and reassure your dog. Creating a positive association with the crate is crucial. Reward positive behaviors with praise, treats, or a favorite toy. This reinforces that the crate is a good place.

Using a Dark Cover

A simple environmental change can make a big difference. Try covering the crate with a dark sheet or blanket. This creates a den-like atmosphere, calming for anxious dogs. Many owners find this helps dogs settle faster. It blocks visual distractions and promotes a sense of security.

Step 6: Creating a Crate Training Schedule

Now that your dog is comfortable in the crate, work crate time into your life, and crate him or her periodically throughout the day. Keep your pup’s activity schedule in mind and crate them more often during their downtime.

Eventually, you may want to crate at night, and if that is your goal, try to take your dog in and out at the same time to create a recognizable schedule. Dogs find comfort and clarity in a firm routine, they are creatures of habit after all.

Multiple Short Sessions

Crate training an older dog takes time and patience. Don’t expect your dog to immediately love the crate and settle in for hours. Instead, plan for multiple short sessions throughout the day. Start with just a few minutes, gradually increasing the duration as your dog becomes more comfortable. It’s better to have many successful short sessions than a few long, stressful ones. Even if your ultimate goal is for your dog to sleep in the crate overnight, build up to it slowly. This approach sets your dog up for success and helps create a positive association with the crate.

The 2:1 Crate Rule

A helpful guideline is the 2:1 crate rule. This means that for every two hours your dog is crated, they should have one hour of free time to roam, play, and potty. This is a general rule, and you’ll need to adjust it based on your dog’s age, breed, and individual needs. Senior dogs, for example, may need more potty breaks. Puppies require even more frequent breaks. You can find more information on crate training puppies on the Sniffspot blog. The 2:1 rule provides a good starting point for establishing a healthy balance between crate time and freedom, ensuring your dog’s physical and mental well-being.

Troubleshooting Crate Training Challenges

With all dog training, there are things that can cause you to take several steps back in the process or even completely ruin the crate for the dog. Here’s what not to do:

• Don’t force your dog into the crate, this can frighten your pup and make them even more cautious about crate time.
• Don’t leave your dog in the crate if they are showing extreme signs of anxiety. Look out for signs such as pacing, excessive panting unrelated to exercise, or attempting to escape which can all be a sign of fear. Go back to the beginning and start your training over with positive reinforcement or try crating for a shorter time period.
• Don’t leave anything in the crate with the dog that could cause a choking hazard or obstruction, such as hard chews or toys you know your dog will destroy.
• Don’t use the crate as punishment (even social isolation punishment). If you are only using the crate when you are mad at your pup, it will result in negative associations and they will not want to be in it. You may have to go back to an earlier step in your training if this happens. 
• Don’t crate for too long. Crating periods should be kept to a reasonable amount of time. Older dogs can handle being crated for no more than six to eight hours.

Crate training is a useful skill for any dog to have through their entire life. Even if your dog is not a puppy, taking the time to crate train your dog will be beneficial throughout their life by creating a safe space where they can feel comfortable and relax.

Whining and Barking

It’s perfectly normal for your dog to whine or bark when first introduced to their crate, especially older dogs. They might be confused or frustrated, but it’s important to ignore the whining and barking, especially after a potty break. If your dog continues to whine or bark after eliminating, it could be a sign you’re moving too fast. Take a step back and build more positive associations with the crate before closing the door again.

Negative Past Experiences

Some older dogs may already have negative associations with crates because of past experiences. Perhaps they were crated for too long or had a negative experience while traveling. If this is the case, focus on creating a positive and comfortable environment. Enrichment activities like interactive toys, lick mats, or stuffed Kongs can help distract your dog and create a more positive experience. A crate cover can also create a den-like atmosphere, calming for some dogs. Adaptil or Feliway pheromone diffusers or sprays may also help.

Separation Anxiety

If your dog exhibits signs of separation anxiety—excessive barking, destructive behavior, or pacing when left alone—crate training may not be the right approach. If crate training isn't helping and your dog's anxiety seems to worsen, explore alternative strategies. A certified professional dog trainer or veterinary behaviorist can help you develop a tailored plan.

Regression and Flexibility

Remember, every dog is different, and progress isn't always linear. Regression is normal, so be flexible with your training plan. If your dog suddenly resists the crate or shows discomfort, go back to a previous step or adjust your approach. Patience and consistency are key.

When to Seek Professional Help

If you've tried these steps and your dog still struggles with crate training, or if their anxiety increases, seek professional guidance. A certified dog trainer or veterinary behaviorist can assess your dog's behavior, identify underlying issues, and provide personalized recommendations. They can also help determine if alternative strategies are more suitable. Finding a qualified trainer can make all the difference.

About the Trainer

There is so much misinformation out there, we want to make sure we only provide the highest quality information to our community. We have all of our articles reviewed by qualified, positive-only trainers. The trainers that review our content are reviewed by other trainers to ensure that we have the best quality filters on our content. 

This is the trainer that reviewed this article:

Hallie Wells
Owner-Lumos Dog Training, Atlanta, GA 
Certified Professional Professional Dog Trainer (CPDT-KA)
Fear Free Certified Professional (FFCP)
Applied Animal Behavior Analysts (UW-AABA)

How Long to Crate an Adult Dog

Maximum Crate Time and Bladder Capacity

A common question new crate trainers have is how long a dog can stay in a crate. House-trained adult dogs can typically handle up to six to eight hours, but it's essential to monitor your dog for signs of distress. Whining, pacing, and excessive panting (unrelated to exercise or heat) can indicate discomfort. If you notice these behaviors, shorten the crating duration. Regular bathroom breaks, feeding, and exercise are crucial.

Like humans, dogs need regular potty breaks. A general rule is adult dogs can hold their bladder for one hour for every month of age, up to a maximum of eight hours. Factors like size, breed, and individual health can influence this. Prioritize your dog's comfort and adjust crating times as needed. Purina offers helpful resources on crate training.

Realistic Training Timeline

Patience is key when crate training an adult dog. There's no set timeframe for success. Some dogs might adapt within weeks, while others, especially those with negative past experiences with confinement, may take months of consistent, positive reinforcement. Don't get discouraged if your dog doesn't immediately love the crate. Celebrate small victories and continue building positive associations. This Purina article emphasizes that timelines vary significantly.

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Additional Tips and Considerations

Health Considerations for Senior Dogs

Senior dogs often require a gentler approach to crate training. They may need more time to adjust to new routines and learn to love the crate. Physical limitations, like joint pain, can impact comfort. If your senior dog has mobility issues, ensure easy crate access and ample cushioning. Shorter, more frequent crate sessions might be necessary. Hill's Pet discusses the specific needs of older dogs during crate training.

Crate Type Considerations

The right crate is essential for a dog's comfort and successful crate training. It should be large enough for your dog to stand, turn around, and lie down comfortably, but not so large that it feels insecure. Location matters, too. Place the crate in a low-traffic area where your dog feels connected but not overwhelmed. Rover suggests considering crate material. Anxious dogs might prefer the security of a plastic or wooden crate, while senior dogs benefit from easy access.

Related Articles

• How to Crate Train an Older Dog: Comprehensive Guide + Schedule
• How to Crate Train a Puppy | Crate Training Tips | Sniffspot
• Complete Puppy Training Guide | New Owner Info | Sniffspot
• House to House Train an Adult Dog | Adult Dog Potty Training
• Golden Retriever Training | How to Train Your Dog

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Frequently Asked Questions

My older dog hates the crate. Is it even possible to crate train them?

Absolutely! It might take a little extra patience and positive reinforcement, but even older dogs can learn to love their crates. Focus on building positive associations. Make the crate a comfy, inviting space with soft bedding and favorite toys. Introduce the crate slowly, using high-value treats and praise. Never force your dog inside.

How long can I leave my adult dog in a crate?

Generally, a house-trained adult dog can handle six to eight hours in a crate. However, this depends on your dog's individual needs and bladder capacity. Senior dogs and those with medical conditions may need more frequent breaks. Puppies, of course, have much shorter bladder spans. Always monitor your dog for signs of distress, like whining, pacing, or excessive panting. If you see these, it's time for a break.

My dog whines and barks constantly in the crate. What should I do?

Some whining or barking is normal, especially at first. If it's excessive, make sure your dog has recently eliminated. If they continue to whine after a potty break, you might be pushing things too fast. Try shorter crate sessions and reinforce positive associations with treats and praise. A white noise machine or crate cover can also help create a calming environment.

What kind of crate is best for an older dog?

The best crate depends on your dog's size, personality, and any physical limitations. Measure your dog to ensure they can stand, turn around, and lie down comfortably. Wire crates offer good ventilation, while plastic crates provide more privacy and security. For senior dogs with mobility issues, consider a crate with a lower entry or a ramp. A soft bed or mat will add comfort.

My dog has separation anxiety. Is crate training a good idea?

If your dog's separation anxiety is severe, crate training might not be the best approach initially. It could actually increase their anxiety. Consult with a certified professional dog trainer or veterinary behaviorist. They can help you address the underlying anxiety and develop a training plan that works for your dog. They may recommend alternative strategies or a modified approach to crate training.